Quelques précisions sur l'univers. Tout d'abord, à propos du
taoïsme (un petit texte en français pour Ginji) :
La recherche de la sagesse en Chine se fonde principalement sur
l’harmonie. L’harmonie, pour les taoïstes, se trouve en plaçant son cœur (et son esprit, le caractère chinois du cœur désigne les deux entités) dans
la Voie (le Tao), c’est-à-dire dans la même voie que la nature.
En retournant à l’authenticité primordiale et naturelle, en imitant la passivité féconde de la nature qui produit spontanément les « dix mille êtres »,
l’homme peut se libérer des contraintes et son esprit peut « chevaucher les nuages ». Prônant une sorte de
quiétisme naturaliste (Granet), le taoïsme est un idéal d’insouciance, de spontanéité, de liberté individuelle, de refus des rigueurs de la vie sociale et de communion extatique avec les forces cosmiques.
Puis, des textes du bouquins de bases (en anglais, j'ai essayé de souligner le plus important, mais la lecture est ptêtre très pénible) :
TaoismThe writings of Lao Zi, Zhuang Zi and Lie Zi defined the form of Taoism that is currently practised by
the fangshi, the holy men who hold the secrets of the universe and practise the old magic. While these Taoist holy men have inherited the wisdom of the old priestly class,
they are not priests in the strict sense of the term.
They are philosophers, wise men and magicians, more intermediaries than priests, whose duty it is to spread and apply the precepts of the Tao among the people. They are both teachers and students, and
devote their whole lives to teaching and learning. For
Taoism does not have a clergy. Some Taoists receive training, others are self-taught, all pursue their own path.
Some withdraw from the world of men to live as hermits, others roam the land in search of learning and experience, yet others settle in order to serve particular communities or to train disciples. It is this lack of formal structure as much as the religious openness of Taoism that is responsible for its growth throughout the Zhongguo and its popularity among the common people.
The foundation of the universeLao Zi taught us that
all things flow from the Tao. While often seen as a path, or a Way (towards, for example, immortality or unity with the universe), the Tao is far more: it is at once the source, the origin, and the essence of the Whole. Indefinable and eternal, the Tao cannot be expressed through words, for it is beyond all definition. It is not a god that creates things, but represents the fundamental interconnectedness of all things in the universe, and breathes life into the physical and spiritual worlds. T
he Tao is only a creating force in that it forms the essence of all things: it has no will to create, and creates nothing, but
all things flow or emerge from it.
At the beginning of time, the Tao gave rise to
the two opposing and complementary forces, Yin and Yang. From the eternal opposition of these two forces was born
the chi, the basic energy of the universe.
It was from the chi that came the ten thousand beings and things, all built from the Five Elements, metal, water, fire, wood and earth. In Taoist belief,
there is a connection between all things, that the infinitely large and the infinitesimally small are one and the same, that the macrocosm of the universe can be found in the microcosm of each living thing. This fundamental unity of the Whole is at the heart of Taoism.
Wu weiThe concept of wu wei finds its origin in the image of the Tao giving life to all things without will or intention. So it is that the wise man should act, in submission to natural processes, and adapting to natural changes.
In practice, wu wei means not acting contrary to the laws of the universe. When man acts in accordance with nature and does not seek to dominate it, he is in harmony with the Tao, and the Tao is expressed through his actions.
The key to wu wei is spontaneity.
In order to attain this goal,
many Taoists choose exile, far from the world of men, living as hermits and surrounding themselves with the natural world in order to avoid the temptations and distractions of a material life and attain the ultimate serenity that can only be found in non-desire.
A propos des dieux :
For Taoists,
the gods of the Court of Heaven are beings who are infinitely closer to the Tao than mere mortals, as can be seen by their immortality and their great powers derived from the vital forces of the universe.
The gods of the Earth, such as the god of the land or the gods of the home, are seen as conscious manifestations of the Tao on Earth, less individual and distinct than the gods of Heaven. Yet all higher beings are worthy of veneration as emanations of the Tao, and
prayers and gifts must be offered to them by any who would wish to attract their favor and so draw closer to the union with the Tao.
A propos de la religion populaire :
The Taoist faith focuses above all on the gods of Heaven, ruled over by the Emperor of Jade, and who demand respect and veneration. But
the common people have little concern for the affairs of Heaven.
Their devotion is more usually directed toward the innumerable gods and spirits of the Earth, whose influence on the lives of men can be more direct. A propos de la magie :
Those who practise MagicSince Magic is an advanced form of science,
it requires many years of study. Few have the time and dedication needed to attain a high level of expertise.
Most of those who practise Magic are Taoists, followers of the works of Lao Zi and holy men who
travel the roads of the Zhongguo in search of learning and experience.
Not all Taoists necessarily practise Magic, but most know at least the basic principles and a few techniques or spells. Those Taoists who have devoted their lives to the study of one or more ways of the Tao are known as fangshi, or practitioners. They include diviners, geomancers, exorcists and alchemists. Some even seek to combine knowledge of all of the ways in their search for union with the Tao, but they are rare. Most fangshi remain loyal to one or two ways.
In the villages and the countryside, Magic is practised by village healers, shamans and sorcerers. These wise men and women are heirs to the ancient religious practices of their tribes and apply their great learning for the benefit of their community.
Their approach to Magic is less ritualized than that of Taoist practitioners, but they too follow specific, clearly-defined rites, and they have the same powers as the fangshi. Most shamans are well-versed in Divination and Exorcism ; others also practise Internal Alchemy.
Since Magic is not an innate gift, but rather a set of scientific disciplines that anyone can practise, it is open to any inhabitant of the Zhongguo to learn and use the mysterious powers associated with it. There are many who, despite their limited understanding of Magic, have learnt enough from local sorcerers or renowned fangshi to practise on an occasional basis. For example, a physician may rely on Internal Alchemy to complement the knowledge of the human body that he acquired during his medical training. Or a knight-errant deep in the darkest regions of the jiang hu may need to know a few exorcist techniques. Any manner of man may decide to take up the way of the Tao…
Bien sûr,
vous prenez pas la tête avec ça, ça concerne pas tout le monde (mais ça peut être utile à tous). Mais si vous avez le temps de lire tout ça, ça peut vous permettre d'ajouter un peu de spiritualité à votre roleplay (on y croit) et surtout de mieux comprendre pourquoi un vieux moine va se retirer 3 jours pour méditer sur un rocher...